Omeprazole ( أوميبرازول)

Introduction

Omeprazole is an oral medication used to reduce the amount of acid in the stomach. It belongs to a group of drugs called proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). PPIs work by decreasing the amount of acid made in the stomach.

Indication

Omeprazole is primarily used for the treatment of GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease), heartburn, and other disorders where there is an excess production of stomach acid. It is also used to treat ulcers of the stomach and intestine, dyspepsia, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. It may also be used to prevent ulcers caused by NSAIDs, and may reduce the risk of developing gastric cancer.

Mechanism of Action

Omeprazole works by reducing the amount of acid that is produced in the stomach. It does this by inhibiting the enzyme (H+/K+ ATPase) which is responsible for acid production. By blocking this enzyme, the production of acid is significantly reduced and, as a result, the symptoms associated with GERD and other stomach-related disorders are relieved.

How Long Does it Take to Work?

Omeprazole typically takes about 1 to 4 days to start working. Most people start to feel relief from their symptoms within 24 hours of starting the medication.

Absorption

Omeprazole is rapidly and completely absorbed when taken orally. The bioavailability of the drug is about 90%.

Route of Elimination

Most of the drug is metabolized in the liver and then excreted via the bile. Approximately 35% of the drug is excreted unchanged in the urine.

Dosage

The usual dose of omeprazole for adults is 20mg once daily, taken before a meal. For those with more severe symptoms, the dose may be increased to 40mg once daily. Children, aged between 1-17, should be given 10mg to 20mg once daily. The dose should be adjusted as needed. For best results, the medication should be taken consistently and exactly as directed by your physician.

Administration

Omeprazole should be taken before a meal, preferably the same time each day. It can be taken with or without food. Do not chew or crush the tablets as this may alter the effect of the drug. Swallow the tablet whole with a full glass of water.

Side Effect

The most common side effects of omeprazole include headache, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, gas, and constipation. Less common side effects may include dizziness, rash, itching, and difficulty sleeping. More serious side effects may include chest pain, confusion, and changes in vision.

Toxicity

Omeprazole is generally well tolerated when taken as prescribed. Overdose associated with omeprazole may result in nausea, vomiting, hyperventilation, abdominal pain, hypotension, tachycardia, and coma. Supportive care is usually enough to manage overdose-related symptoms.

Precaution

People with allergy to omeprazole or to other PPIs should avoid taking this medication. Those with liver or kidney disease, or those taking certain other medications may require dose adjustments. It is important to tell your doctor about all the medications you are taking before starting omeprazole.

Interaction

Omeprazole also interacts with certain other medications, such as warfarin, iron, ketoconazole, and certain antibiotics, so it is important to tell your doctor about all the medications you are taking before starting omeprazole. Omeprazole may also reduce the absorption of vitamin B12, so it is important to supplement with vitamin B12 if taking this medication for an extended period of time.

Disease Interaction

People with certain diseases, such as liver disease, kidney disease, or HIV, may require dose adjustments or should not take omeprazole. It is important to tell your doctor about all the diseases you may have before starting this medication.

Drug Interaction

Certain drugs and medications interact with omeprazole, including warfarin, iron, ketoconazole and certain antibiotics. It is important to tell your doctor about all the drugs you are taking before starting omeprazole. Omeprazole may also reduce the absorption of certain medications, such as iron, so it is important to adjust the dose or take supplements as needed.

Food Interactions

Omeprazole may interact with certain foods. Avoid taking omeprazole with products that contain magnesium or aluminum. These include products such as antacids, laxatives, and buffered aspirin.

Pregnancy Use

Omeprazole is generally considered safe to use during pregnancy. However, it is important to discuss the risks and potential benefits with your doctor before taking this medication.

Lactation Use

It is not known whether omeprazole is secreted in breast milk. If it is, it is possible that it may affect the baby. Therefore, it is important to discuss the potential risks of taking this medication while breastfeeding with your doctor.

Acute Overdose

Symptoms of an acute overdose may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diaphoresis, hypotension, tachycardia, and altered consciousness. Immediate medical attention should be sought in the event of an overdose.

Contraindication

Omeprazole should not be taken by people with allergy to omeprazole or to other PPIs, and should not be taken by women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. It should also not be taken by people with certain medical conditions.

Use Directions

Omeprazole should be taken before a meal, preferably the same time each day. It can be taken with or without food. Do not chew or crush the tablets as this may alter the effect of the drug. Swallow the tablet whole with a full glass of water.

Storage Condition

Omeprazole should be stored in a cool, dry place away from light and moisture. It should also be kept away from children and pets. Do not store in the refrigerator or freezer.

Volume of Distribution

The volume of distribution of omeprazole is approximately 0.5 L/kg.

Half Life

The half-life of omeprazole is 1.2 to 1.7 hours.

Clearance

The clearance of omeprazole is approximately 0.12 L/hr/kg.

Here you find in details version of إيسيلان